基于时间价值的高速公路收费标准模型及仿真分析

中国高速公路建设始于20世纪80年代末，到目前为止高速公路收费标准的确定办法主要来自于经验，基本上是一种政府行为。笔者针对当前收费标准制定中存在的不足，从公路使用者角度出发，建立了基于时间价值的公路网络双层规划模型；并给出了一个实际案例，通过基于步长加速法和惩罚函数法的启发式算法对模型求解，然后利用实际数据进行仿真从而确定最优收费方案；文章最后对仿真结果进行讨论比较，分析了模型的可行性。

A Model for Freeway Toll Standard Based on the Value of Time and Simulation Analysis

Freeway construction in China initiated in the late 1980s,but up to now freeway toll standard is mainly decided by experience and lacks scientific basis.This paper studies the present defects in the methods to determine the toll of freeway,and from the point of the road users,sets up bi-level programming model based on value of time analysis.A practical example is presented.The author simulates real data and decides the optimal freeway toll standard,by using a heuristic algorithm which is based on step acceleration method and penalty function method.Finally,the author discusses the results and analyzes the validity of the model.