中国地区工业生产绩效:结构差异、制度冲击及动态表现

本文利用省级面板数据研究转型过程中中国地区工业生产绩效的动态表现。基于Kumbhakar(2000)的方法,我们将TFP增长分解为四个因素的变化。结果发现:(1)自1988年以来各地区工业部门的TFP增长率都出现了增长的趋势,其首要推动力在于技术进步率的不断提高;(2)与此同时,技术效率和要素配置效率出现了恶化,而规模效率则从恶化走向了改善。(3)上世纪90年代末的国企改革对各地区的工业生产绩效的构成造成了普遍的冲击,而民营化程度较高的东部地区受到的冲击最小。(4)通过分析绩效差异的源泉,我们进一步确认90年代末国企改革的制度性冲击促成了工业规模效率的提高,却导致了要素配置效率的短期下降,而劳动力教育水平和非国有经济比重的提高,则有助于促进工业技术进步、改善配置效率。伴随着制度变革的经济整体转型正从多个向度重构着中国地区工业化的版图。

The Performances of Industrial Productivity across Regions of Transitional China:Structural Differences,Institutional Shocks and Dynamic Characteristics

This paper is dedicated to probing into the dynamic performances of industrial productivity across regions of transitional China,using the province-level panel data.Based on the approach by Kumbhakar(2000),TFP growth is decomposed into four components.The main results are as follows.(1)Since 1988,the industrial TFP growth has been commonly accelerated across regions,with a rising technical change rate as the principal impetus.(2)Meanwhile,technical efficiency and factors' allocative efficiency are deteriorated with scale efficiency switching from being retrogressive to being progressive.(3)Although the SOE reform in the late 1990s has constitutes a common shock to the industrial productivity,the eastern area with relatively few SOEs suffers the least from this policy enforcement.(4)By exploring the sources of productivity differences,we further confirm that the institutional shock launched by SOE reform in the late 1990s is crucial for the enhancement of scale effects as well as the temporarily rapid decline of factors' allocative efficiency;in addition,the educational level of the labor-force and the share of non-SOEs in the industrial output contribute positively to the acceleration of technical change and the improvement of allocative efficiency.The economic transition,accompanied by gradual institutional reforms,is reshaping the map of regional industrialization through various channels.