房地产业垄断利润及其消除方法探析

我国房地产业存在超额利润的根源在于其垄断实质。将以往行政垄断的研究成果应用于房地产行业,可以看出房地产业的垄断不但造成效率损失,还导致社会福利损失。在引入心理福利概念之后,我们发现此前对福利损失的估算只是实际发生损失的一部分。为了提高经济效率,减少福利损失,身为特许权拍卖商的政府可以借用德姆塞茨方案,改进土地使用权的交易模式,即通过市场化的限价转让的方法,令房地产售价报价最低的开发商获得土地使用权。这样市场将发挥力量,将房地产业的赢利能力限制在正常利润水平上。转让之后,中标开发商要按限价价格完成“合同”,政府则需要进行事后监督。在交易市场,政府的需求管理应该以投机需求为目标,更好地维护交易秩序、稳定市场。

Monopolistic Profit and Ways of Elimination

Monpoly is the key reason of extra profit in China real estate sector.Applied the researching achievements in this aspects,we could find out that monopoly results in loss of efficiency as well as social welfare.After taken the new concept of phychic welfare into account,the actual loss was more than our expectation.To enhance efficiency of economy,and re- duce welfare loss,the local government,as the auctioneer of franchise in monopolistic resource,should make Demsetz scheme as a reference,mend dealing ways of the land using right.That is,through price ceiling of market means,to grant franchise to the property developer who quotes the lowest price of house property.Controlled by the invisible hand,the profit margin of real estate sector will stay at the average level.After the deal,developer should accomplish the contract ac- cording to its bidding price.Local government will play the part as supervisor.In the secondary market,demand manage- ment should cling to the purpose of eliminating speculation.