教育收益率、行业与工资的性别差异:基于西部三个城市的经验研究

本文通过使用扩展的性别工资差异分解方法对中国西部城市的性别行业进入差异和行业内部工资差异进行分解,分析了高等教育回报对行业选择和收入差异的影响。经验研究的基本结果包括:(1)在全部的性别工资差异上,由于男女的禀赋差异引起的可解释部分占差异的57.77%,歧视解释了总差异的42.24%,在歧视部分中,行业进入方面的对女性的歧视就占了1/3强的部分,行业内部的工资歧视占2/3左右;(2)对于受过高等教育的女性来说,存在显著的行业进入方面的不利性别偏向,在行业选择方面,女性的高等教育回报率低于男性。在低收入行业中,女性高等教育和"高中/职高"层次的教育其回报率都显著的高于男性,高收入行业内部则相反;(3)在可解释的行业和工资性别差异中,教育解释了其中的5%左右,并且教育具有显著的缩小行业进入性别差异的作用。在高收入行业内部,高等教育显著缩小了男女工资差异,而在低收入行业内部,高等教育解释力较弱,而经验和健康状况对于这部分差异贡献率较大。

The Return of Education Investment, Occupation and the Gender Wage Rate Differentials: Evidence From the Three Western Cities China

Using a database from the three cities in western region China, this paper analyzes the gender wage differentials. The main findings include that the endowments accounts for 57.77% in total Male-Female wage gap, in the discrimination which about 42.24%, the inter-occupation explained about 1/3. The women with higher education, there exists a disadvantage in entering higher wage occupations compared with the male counterpart. In the part which endowments accounting, the higher education gap explained 5% and shrink the wage gap in occupation entering .Within higher wage occupations the higher education shrink the wage gap while it is no significant in lower one.