中国农业水足迹时空差异和流动格局研究

粮食安全和水资源安全是关系国计民生的重大问题,农业是主要的耗水部门,研究农业生产耗水有利于实现水资源可持续利用。对中国农业水足迹变化趋势和空间差异进行了分析,并构建了优化模型和贸易网络,在此基础上,对各省农产品贸易流动格局进行了分析。分析结果表明:①1961～2011年间,农业水足迹总量持续增长,贡献最大的是畜产品水足迹;人均农业水足迹呈先下降后上升的趋势。②2000年,中国内陆地区,由西北向东南,植物型农产品水足迹含量中的绿水足迹比例逐渐增加。③四川、广东、河南、江苏、山东5个省的农业水足迹消费最高,北京以及沿海等经济发达地区和西北、内蒙古等灌溉密集地区的人均农业水足迹消费较高。④2000年,中国农业水足迹贸易全局节水量为12.6 km~3,国际贸易是主要贡献单位。最后,基于上述研究结果提出了能够促进我国实现农业水资源可持续发展的建议。

Study on spatial-temporal change and flow pattern of agricultural water footprint in China

Food and water safety are major issues concerning people’s livelihood and national economy. Agriculture is the main water consuming sector. Studying agricultural water consumption is beneficial to the sustainable development of water resources. We analyzed the variation trend and spatial difference of agricultural water footprint. We also constructed an optimized model and an agriculture water footprint trade network to analyze the pattern of agricultural products trade flow in each province of China. The results show that: ①between 1961 and 2011, the total agricultural water footprint continued to increase, mostly due to increasing water footprint of livestock; the per capita agricultural water footprint showed a downward trend followed by upward trend. ②In 2000, the proportion of green water footprint of plant-type agricultural products gradually increased from northwest to southeast of mainland China. ③ Sichuan, Guangdong, Henan, Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces have the highest water footprint consumption. The regions with higher per capita agricultural water footprint consumption include economically developed areas (Beijing and coastal areas) and areas with high irrigation intensity (Northwest China and Inner Mongolia). ④In 2000, the total water saving of agricultural water footprint trade was 12.6 km3, mostly due to the international trade. Finally, based on the research results, we put forward advice on achieving sustainable development and utilization of agricultural water resources.