覆盖面积和网围结构对水面蒸发抑制率的影响

新疆地处僻远的西北内陆地区,气候干旱少雨,蒸发损失严重,对于水资源短缺的西北内陆地区来说,减少水资源的不必要损失迫在眉睫。为此开展了专项试验研究,研究过程中,以减少水面蒸发、节约水资源为研究目标,选择极性浮球作为防蒸发材料,以探究不同覆盖面积和网围结构对蒸发抑制率的影响。为了便于观察和管理,将浮球分成两组布置在水库库边,每组各设5种不同的覆盖面积,依次为0.28,0.43,0.60,0.79 m~2和1.02 m~2(覆盖面积不包括白色网围),记录试验期内不同风速下浮球的湿润面积,并计算浮球的蒸发抑制率。试验结果表明:蒸发抑制率与覆盖面积和网围结构有关,当采用三角形网围且覆盖面积为1.02 m~2时,蒸发抑制率最优,可达到83.8%;随着覆盖面积的增加,蒸发抑制率逐渐提高,当蒸发抑制率接近91%时,兼顾到结构的稳定性,就需要采用4.48 m~2的三角形网围作为一个覆盖单元来进行局部铺设。

Influence of coverage area and enclosure structure on suppression rate of water-surface evaporation

Xinjiang is located at the remote northwest China inland regions where the weather is dry and lack of rainfall, and it experiences serious evaporation loss. For the regions like this, it is urgent to reduce unnecessary loss of water resources, and to this end, we carried out a special experimental study. The purpose of the experiment is to reduce water-surface evaporation and to conserve water resources. We selected polar floating ball as anti-evaporation material, and explored the influences of different coverage areas and enclosure structures on suppression rate of evaporation. We divided the floating balls into two groups and placed them near the reservoir for better observation and management, and then set up five different coverage areas ( i.e. 0.28, 0.43, 0.60, 0.79, 1.02 m2) for each group (coverage areas exclude white enclosure structure). We then recorded humidity area under different wind speed, and calculated the suppression rate of evaporation of the floating balls. The results showed that the suppression rate of evaporation is related to the coverage area and the enclosure structure. When applying triangle enclosure with coverage area of 1.02 m2, the suppression rate of evaporation is 83.8%, which reaches its optimal rate. As the coverage area increases, suppression rate of evaporation gradually increases. When the suppression rate approaches 91%, considering the stability of the structure, a 4.48 m2 triangular enclosure structure should be used as a covering unit for partial placement.