中国低碳城市建设的创新驱动效应评估——兼论多重嵌套试点示范机制的完善

以中国分批次、分地区进行的低碳城市试点作为准自然实验，利用277个城市2003—2017年面板数据和双重差分模型，对低碳城市建设影响低碳技术创新的效应与机理进行系统经验考察。研究发现：①自上而下指定产生、试点单位以省为主的第一批低碳城市试点并未有效促进低碳技术创新，而自下而上申报遴选、试点单位以城市为主的第二批试点则显著推动了低碳技术进步；②政策效应机理是加大政策性研发补贴支持力度，而增加研发从业人员数量和提高经济集聚程度的传导机制并不明显；③环境规制、城市规模和资源禀赋均具有调节作用，对于环保重点城市、“两控区”城市、碳交易试点城市、规模较大城市和资源丰裕程度较低的城市而言，低碳城市建设对低碳技术创新的促增作用更加显著。

Does Low-carbon City Policy Spur Low-carbon Technology Innovation

Based on the panel data of 277 cities from 2003 to 2017 and the difference-in-differences（DID） model,this paper makes a systematic empirical study on the effect and mechanism of low-carbon city pilots on low-carbon technology innovation. The research finds that: The first batch of pilot projects,which were generated from top-down designation and targeted mainly at provinces,did not effectively promote low-carbon technology innovation,while the second batch of pilot projects,which were self-declared from bottom-up and targeted mainly at cities,significantly promoted low-carbon technology innovation. The mechanism of policy effect is to reduce the crowding out effect of administrative command environmental regulation,increase the support of policy-based R&D subsidies and promote the upgrading of industrial structure,while the transmission mechanism of increasing the number of scientific and technological R&D employees and improving the agglomeration degree of economic factors is not obvious. Environmental regulation,city size and resource abundance play a regulating role. For key environmental protection cities,cities in two-control areas,carbon trading pilot cities,larger cities and cities with low resource abundance,low-carbon city construction plays a more significant role in promoting low-carbon technological innovation.