倒S形需求曲线的形成机制与应用探讨——对Marshall局部均衡模型的拓展

文章针对我国长期以来由于物质资源匮乏、传统观念及计划经济等影响造成的消费和交换行为的特殊性,建立“中国式有限理性人”假设,尝试对Marshall局部均衡分析模型进行拓展,运用边际损失厌恶效用曲线(MUCLA)等方法,构建倒S形需求曲线模型,该模型能较好地解释我国部分商品需求刚性及价格“棘轮效应”.拓展前后的需求曲线,在斜率、形状、范围等方面有不同的机理,倒S形需求曲线特定约束条件弱化后,得出的需求曲线形状变化与Marshall需求曲线趋于一致.

Formation Mechanism and Application of Inverted S-shape Demand Curve——Expanding of Marshall Partial Equilibrium Model

Based on the particularity of consumption and exchange behavior which is caused by material resource,traditional culture and planned economy in China,the paper constructs the model of inverted S-shape demand curve after establishing China-Style limited rational person assumption,expanding the demand theory of Marshall partial equilibrium model and applying marginal utility curve of loss aversion in conditions of the specificity of Chinese consuming and exchange behavior caused by material deprivation,traditional values and planned economy,which can explain rigid requirements and price ratcheting effect in some Chinese goods well.The two demand curves have different mechanisms in slope,shape,scope.The new one will show the same trends of shape changes as Marshall demand curve if its specificity of assumptions is weakened.