因病致贫与缓冲效应的比较优势

当大病的自付医疗费用支出占家庭非食品支出的比例超过一定门槛值时，灾难性医疗支出发生，会增大因病致贫或返贫的概率。本文基于中国家庭追踪调查数据库（CFPS）2014年数据，利用A-F多维贫困测量方法有效识别贫困家庭，探究因病致贫发生率。大病冲击使贫困发生率增加15%，总财富减少6.9%。我们还发现医疗保险、社会资本及民间借贷对因病致贫都具有缓冲效应。这三种缓冲垫具有各自比较优势：医疗保险对中低收入家庭或中高疾病风险家庭缓冲效应显著；社会资本的缓冲效应只存在中高收入家庭或高风险疾病家庭；民间借贷只对低收入家庭具有缓冲效应。因此，家庭尤其是低收入家庭应合理利用缓冲垫，提高大病冲击的抵御能力，降低因病致贫的发生率。

Illness Induced Poverty and Comparative Advantage of Cushion Effect

When out-of-pocket medical expenses exceed the threshold, catastrophic medical expenses occur, increasing the probability of poverty due to illness. Based on the data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2014, this paper uses the A-F multidimensional poverty measurement method to identify poor families, explore the probability of poverty due to disease. The impact of severe illness increased poverty by 15 percent and reduced total wealth by 6.9 percent. This paper finds that medical insurance, social capital and private lending all have a cushioning effect on poverty caused by illness. The three kinds of cushions have their respective comparative advantages. It is found that medical insurance has significant cushioning effect on low- and middle-income families or high- and medium-risk diseases families. The cushioning effect of social capital only exists in middle- and high-income families or high-risk disease families. T Private lending has a buffer effect only for low-income households. Therefore, families, especially low-income families, should make reasonable use of cushions to improve the ability to resist the impact of serious diseases and reduce the probability of poverty due to diseases.