城镇化中的社会保障制度建设：来自拉美国家的教训

拉美国家在历史上出现过经济高速增长和快速城市化的阶段,但是经济增长并没有解决贫困现象和缩小收入差距,出现了“增长性贫困”现象,而收入悬殊限制了经济的进一步增长。社保制度存在缺陷是导致拉美国家增长性贫困的主要原因之一：社保制度严重滞后于城市化进程,住房和就业困难,非正式就业较为普遍;养老保险计划的覆盖面较低,收入再分配难以进行;养老金管理成本居高不下,导致养老保险扩面难;社会保险与社会救助的比重失调,中产阶级成为社会保障制度的最大受益者;社保和教育机会的缺失,造成代际贫困的恶性循环。拉美国家这些教训为我国社保制度的完善提供了很好的借鉴。

Development of social system in the urbanization stage:Lessons from Latin American countries

Latin American countries in history had rapid economic growth and rapid urbanization stage, but economic growth does not solve poverty and narrow the income gap, a "growth of Poverty", while income disparities limiting the further growth of the economy. Social Security is one of the main deficiencies led to the growth of poverty in Latin America: the social security system is seriously lagging behind in the process of urbanization, housing and employment difficulties, informal employment is more common; low coverage of pension schemes, income redistribution difficult ; pension management costs remain high, resulting in extending the coverage of pension difficult; the proportion of disorders of social insurance and social assistance, the middle class has become the biggest beneficiaries of the social security system; lack of social security and educational opportunities, resulting in a vicious cycle of intergenerational poverty . These lessons of Latin American countries provide a good reference to improve our country’s social security system.