Tourism water footprint: an empirical analysis of Mount Huangshan |
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| Authors: | Jin-He Zhang Yu Zhang Jing Zhou Ze-Hua Liu Hong-Lei Zhang Qing Tian |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China;2. School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden;3. China Construction Engineering Design Group Corporation Limited, Beijing, People’s Republic of China;4. School of Economics and Management, Tongren Polytechnic College, Tongren, People’s Republic of China |
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| Abstract: | Water is an important factor for the sustainable development of tourism. We constructed a comprehensive model of the tourism water footprint (TWF), including tourism sewage and water for management, and used the world heritage Mount Huangshan as an example. The results showed that the total TWF, which included green, blue and grey water of Mount Huangshan in 2012, was about 10.19 million m3/year, approximately per tourist 3.39?m3/day or 3387?L/day. Tourism sewage and food were the main factors of water consumption. The spatial transfer of TWF led the spillover of tourism environmental impact, not only affecting Mount Huangshan but the Huangshan City and even nationwide. Tourist flow and temperature had a highly significant positive correlation with the TWF. Quantifying the TWF can reflect the pressure of tourists on water resources, and provide an effective decision-making basis for rational use of water resources. |
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| Keywords: | Tourism water footprint virtual water tourism sewage tourism food spatial transfer Mount Huangshan |
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