开放与再分配——补偿假说之因果机制初探

国际政治经济学研究领域最为重要、也是最具争议的一个命题——补偿假说,可以被分解为两个相互关联的问题:首先,全球化进程以何种渠道激发了补偿需求?其次,补偿需求又是凭借怎样的机制促成了再分配政策?本文的分析表明:波动性假定并未被证伪;波动性也并非全球化引致补偿需求的唯一渠道。至于补偿需求能否转化为再分配政策,不仅取决于各社会阶层或利益集团的政治影响力、政党竞争状况以及选举压力等因素,在某些情况下,更取决于国家自身的利益和偏好。当开放确实引致某种属性的补偿需求时,各国将选择不同的政策手段做出回应,从而形成"开放—补偿"的3种可能组合形式,即:内嵌的自由主义、新自由主义、保护主义。

Openness and Redistribution:An Inquiry into the Causal Mechanisms of the Compensation Hypothesis

As one of the most significant and controversial issues in the field of International Political Economy(IPE),the compensation hypothesis can be divided into two relational problems.Firstly,what are the channels through which globalization brings about the demand for compensation? Secondly,what are the causal mechanisms linking the demand for compensation to redistribution policy? Our analysis suggests that the volatility assumption has not been refuted and volatility is by no means the only channel between globalization and the demand for compensation.As for the problem that whether the demand for compensation will contribute to redistribution policy,it depends not only on the factors such as the power of interest groups,partisan competition,and electoral pressure,etc,but also on the interests and preferences of state in some circumstances.On balance,states will respond differently to the demand for compensation,which develops into three possible forms of openness-compensation nexus that are embedded liberalism,neo-liberalism,and protectionism.