WTO发展中成员地位改革及中国应对建议

发展中成员的特殊与差别待遇是当前WTO改革中的重点议题。美国在WTO提案提议取消多数发展中成员的特殊与差别待遇,美国总统特朗普更是威胁WTO如果不能就发达国家和发展中国家的"过时"二分法做出实质性改革,美方将不再承认任何一个发展中国家的特殊地位。欧盟的《WTO现代化概念文件》则倾向于鼓励发展中成员自愿"毕业"。本文基于WTO内发展中成员并无明确标准、特殊与差别待遇是WTO核心宗旨和基本原则,分析了特殊与差别待遇的历史渊源,当前解决特殊与差别待遇问题的几种思路,指出中国仍是发展中国家,不能放弃发展中成员身份,并提出了相应的政策建议。

Reform on Developing Member Status in WTO and Policy Suggestions for China’s Countermeasures

Special and differential treatment(SDT) of the developing members in WTO is one of the most important topics of current WTO reform under discussion. U.S. has submitted communications to the General Council of WTO, proposing that most of the developing members should not be granted developing status any longer. On the other hand, EU’s WTO Modernization Concept Paper has proposed that qualified developing members should be encouraged to graduate from special and differential treatment on a voluntary basis. Based on the analysis of the origin of the special and differential treatment for developing members and the criteria of developing-member status in WTO, this paper compares several popular proposals for solving SDT and makes it clear that SDT is the one of the core values and fundamental principles of WTO. This paper concludes that since China is still the biggest developing country in the world, China should not give up its developing status and get prepared for the worst scenario.