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本文对中国耕地资源的组织和利用现状进行了系统描述。中国农村的村级土地制度存在巨大差异。但是,迄今还没有评估土地制度对农业效率、公平和总体发展影响的牢固的经验证据。在过去的二十多年中.村干部进行的土地再分配可能方便了人们获得土地,增加了粮食产量,并克服了土地租赁市场的某些不完全性。但是,在许多地区,当前土地制度的成本是显著的,并且持续增加,而且不能被较低程度的收入不均所抵消。

LAND TENURE AND TRANSFER RIGHTS IN CHINA:AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ISSUES

THERE IS ENORMOUS HETEROGENEITY AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL IN THE PROPERTY RIGHTS THAT HOUSEHOLDS ENJOY.ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT MESSAGES TO TAKE AWAY FROM THIS ESSAY IS THAT A SOLID EMPIRICAL BASIS DOES NOT CURRENTLY EXIST FOR MAKING AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE LAND SYSTEM ON EFFICIENCY,EQUITY,AND OVERALL DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA'S RURAL SECTOR.OVER THE PAST TWO DECADES, REALLOCATIONS BY VILLAGE LEADERS MAY HAVE FACILITATED ACCESS TO LAND AND THE FOOD IT PRODUCES FOR A MA- JORITY OF CHINA'S HOUSEHOLDS AND OV...