从历史文献看考古出土的小粒炭化稻米

考古研究人员常常集中注意力于栽培稻是何时何地从多年生野生稻驯化而来，包括籼和粳在内。对于一年生野生稻通常不在视野之内。事实上，除大量考古出土的炭化稻谷（米）外，在华东和华南的新石器遗址中还出土有少量小而轻的炭化稻谷（米），时间约距今4000至6000年前。这些小粒种稻谷（米）在古籍尤其是地方志里，都有不断的记载，其中很少一部分至今还有种植。本文列举理由，以证明这些特别细小的出土稻米可能直接由一年生野生稻而不是多年生野生稻驯化而来。

Origin of Excavated Small Carbonized Rice Grain from the Viewpoint of Historical Literature

Archaeological researchers focus their eyes on where and how the origin of cultivated flee, including the japonica and indica types, were domesticated from perennial wild rice Oryza rufipogon. While annualwild rice O. nivara are always out of their field of vision. In fact, among the mass excavated rice grain, a smallpart of them were extremely small and light they distributed in various Neolithic sites of the east and south Chinaabout 4000 - 6000 years BP. These small rice grain were frequently record in Chinese ancient classics, especiallyin local records, and a few of them are still in cultivating today. There are enough reasons to prove that the extremely small rice grain were directly domesticated from O. nevara rather than O. rufipogong.