论经济学中的价值理论

价值理论在经济学中占有核心地位.本文简要回顾了经济思想史上价值理论的发展过程,梳理了几种主要价值理论——劳动价值论、生产要素价值论、边际效用价值论、均衡价格理论一之间的对立和传承关系,逐一分析了这几种价值理论的基本内容,重点关注每种理论的前提假设是否合理,逻辑推演过程是否正确,尽力避免意识形态角度的评断.主要结论是:马...

On Value Theories in Economics

Value theory plays a central role in economics.This article briefly reviews the development of value theory in the history of economic thought,sorts out the opposition and inheritance relationships among several major value theories,including labor value theory,production factor value theory,marginal utility value theory,and equilibrium price theory,analyzes the basic content of each of these value theories avoiding ideological judgments and focusing on whether the premises and assumptions are reasonable and whether the logical deduction processes are correct.The main conclusion is that the labor value theory of Marxist economics is the value theory which is most loyal to the real world and most logically self-consistent;other value theories have problems not only in their premises and assumptions,but also in their inner logic.Although the equilibrium price theory in modern orthodox economics can provide us with methods and tools for analyzing the quantitative relationship between supply,demand and price in the market economy,we should recognize its limitations and defects.