跨国公司研发全球化的空间组织研究

随着跨国公司全球战略目标的逐步深化，跨国公司研发全球化的组织形态也不断发生调整和变化，在理论上相继出现母国绝对集中式研发、母国相对集中式研发、多中心分散式研发、轴心型混合式研发、网络化整合研发五种类型。在一定的研发组织形式引导下，跨国公司全球范围内的研发活动会产生集聚、扩散等地理现象，从地理特征和空间关联两个层面诠释着跨国公司研发全球化的空间形态，相对应的研发全球地理分布呈现出由孤岛中心、开放中心、多心分散、中心边缘向网络化结构发展的趋势，并通过各个分支机构之问的各种要素流诠释着跨国公司研发全球化的空间格局。

THE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF R&D GLOBALIZATION BY MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS

Globalization brings new research items to Geography.In the during of Multinational Corporations' research and development globalization,the distribution of global R&D activities has been being in change.The research on R&D spatial structure by MNCs in globalization is of much importance.First,technology has been a key to destiny of corporations,R&D globalization will make R&D organization more perfect,from ethnocentric centralized to geographical centralized,to polycentric decentralized,to axes-center commixed,to global integrated network lastly.Second,R&D activities in the scope of the world under the leader of some R&D organization produce some regional phenomena such as concentration,flows and diffusion,which decide geographical structure and spatial relationship of global R&D.Organization system has effect on spatial organization modality in the course of MNCs' R&D globalization in some way.The spatial organization patterns of single closed center,single opened center,polycentric dispersed dots,node structure with clear domination of center and network modality with equal hubs is relevant to the different organization structures.Finally,the global geographical framework of MNCs' R&D distribution is the overlapping and projection of every MNCs' global R&D networks.So the study on MNCs' global R&D spatial organization is only one hand,the other hand is geographical structure.