艾草和薄荷挥发油提取方法及其构成成分的初步研究

采用索氏提取法、石油醚提取法[1]、水蒸煮法[2]和乙醇提取法提取艾草和薄荷挥发油。研究发现索氏提取法耗时太长,水蒸煮法提取的有效成分浓度低,石油醚提取法出油率低,但是纯度高,乙醇提取法出油率高,比石油醚提取的纯度低。提取的挥发油的数量分别是240ml、0.5ml、250ml、1.5ml。乙醇提取艾叶挥发油的薄层层析有3个斑点,Rf值分别是0.447、0.52、0.66;由石油醚提取薄荷挥发油所得GC-MS显示的片段峰18个峰,分别是585、601、644、685、721、737、775、914、958、1002、1046、1090、1134、1178、1222、1266、1311、1354。研究表明石油醚提取法得到的挥发油纯,乙醇提取法得到的挥发油量多。

Preliminary Study on the Extraction Methods and Composition of the Essential Oil of Wormwood and Mint

Objective and Methods： The present study was designed to investigate different ways in extracting volatile oil of wormwood and mint, including soxhlet extraction, petroleum ether extraction, water cooking extraction and alcohol extraction. Results： The results showed that soxhlet extraction took a long time, while petroleum ether extraction got less but high-purity oil. Water cooking method got a low concentration of the active ingredient, while alcohol extraction was opposite. The quantity of these four methods are 240ml,0.5ml, 250ml and 1.5ml, respective. The wormwood essential oil which was extracted by alcohol extraction appeared three spots, which Rf were 0.447, 0.52 and 0.66. The mechanism essential oil which was extracted by petroleum ether extraction was analyzed using a mass spectrometry.we found eighteen peaks including 585, 601,644, 685, 721,737,775, 914, 958, 1002, 1046, 1090, 1134, 1178, 1222, 1266, 1311 and 1354. Conclusion： Petroleum ether extraction method in extracting volatile oil of wormwood and mint can get a high purity while alcohol extraction method can get large mass.