洗钱罪认定与上游犯罪领域拓展研究

洗钱犯罪是为上游犯罪所获取的非法收入进行清洗、处置的犯罪,洗钱犯罪人员是上游犯罪资金清洗的协助者.如何完善法律、法规,从根本上打击洗钱犯罪,一直是各界关注的焦点.2020年12月26日,全国人大会议通过的《刑法修正案(十一)》在一定程度上降低了洗钱罪的判定难度,但仍无法解决对上游七类犯罪以外洗钱犯罪行为的定罪问题,监管层及金融行业在洗钱犯罪方面仍存在着较大压力.本文结合近年来我国洗钱犯罪、判定及上游犯罪等情况,讨论了现有洗钱犯罪定罪中存在的问题.重点探讨了现行洗钱罪上游犯罪认定是否狭隘,《刑法修正案(十一)》对自洗钱行为的判定是否有变化,洗钱罪删除"明知"概念后对洗钱定罪的影响,以及监管机构的职责与权利义务是否相匹配等问题,在此基础上提出了扩容洗钱罪上游犯罪、充实洗钱罪定罪类型、加强监管职权等政策建议.

How to Identify and Expand the Predicate Crime Field of Money Laundering

Money laundering crime is the crime of laundering and disposing of illegal income obtained by predicate crime,and its participant is the facilitator of capital laundering of predicate crime.How to use laws and regulations to increase the conviction rate of money laundering crimes and fundamentally crack down on money laundering crimes has always been the content of disputes from all circles of life.On December 26,2020,the Twenty-Fourth Session of the Thirteenth National People's Congress passed the"Criminal Law Amendment(11)",which revised the crime of money laundering.The deterrence reduces the difficulty of determining money laundering crimes,but still cannot solve the problem of conviction for money laundering crimes other than the seven upstream crimes.There is still greater pressure on money laundering crimes in the regulation and financial industry.This article discusses the existing problems in the conviction of money laundering,combining the similarities and differences of different money laundering crime laws.We focus on discussing whether the current predicate crimes of money laundering crimes are relatively narrow,whether the judgment of self-money laundering behavior has changed in the criminal law amendment(11),the impact on the conviction of money laundering after the concept of"knowingly"which is deleted for the crime of money laundering,and whether the rights and obligations of regulatory agencies match.This paper puts forward some policy suggestions,such as expanding the upstream crime of money laundering,enriching the conviction types of money laundering and strengthening the functions and powers of regulatory authorities.