我国能源生物质供应物流面临的运营、战略与体制问题剖析

能源生物质资源开发具有极为重要的战略意义。但是,其产业效率的实现无法忽略供应物流的制约和影响。研究认为,当前我国的能源生物质供应体系及物流管理存在着三大层面的现实问题:(1)物流运作与竞争层面:企业实际运作中缺乏对生物质物流的战略性考虑;生物质原料替代用途广泛,供应稳定性差;物流成本失控,严重侵蚀利润;生物质收购和供应管理整体上较为粗放。(2)战略与决策层面:企业目标扭曲,动机不纯;在一些重大问题上静态机械的预测;前期调研中忽视人均指标;过于乐观的估计;对黑色化涉农(食品)供应链的威胁性认识不足。(3)物流环境与体制方面:国家生物质物流政策的缺失;生物质物流装备问题;社会物流不发达,生物质供应物流运筹的空间有限;政府审批不合理导致的设施布置失控及风险。当然,上述这些问题在生物质能产业的各个分支(如秸秆发电,沼气、燃料乙醇,生物柴油等)中的表现,则存在严重程度和内在机制上的差异性。

Analysis on the Operation,Strategy and Institution Problems of Chinese Energy Biomass Supply Logistics

Developing biomass resource has very important strategic significance.However,its industrial efficiency can’t ignore the restriction and influence of supply logistics.Studies suggest that for China’s current energy biomass supply system and logistics management,there are three aspects real problem:(1) On the strategy and the decision-making level: distorting enterprise goal,impuring motivation;static and mechanical prediction for some major issues;ignoring the percapita indicator in the prophase research;too optimistic estimate;inadequate understanding of the threatening from black agriculture(food) SC.(2) On the logistics operation and competitive level: enterprise’s lack of strategic consideration of biomass logistics in real operation;extensive alternative use of biomass,the poor stability of supply;the logistics cost is out of control and severe erosion profit;overall biomass acquisitions and supply management is disordered.(3) On logistics environment and system level: the lack of national biomass logistics policy;problems of logistics equipment;underdeveloped social logistics,and the limited strategy space of biomass supply logistics;unreasonable government approval cause facilities layout out of control and risk.Of course,the representation of these problems within each branch of biomass energy industry(such as straw power generation,methane,fuel ethanol,biodiesel,etc),there are differences in severity and internal mechanism.