水闸规模对河道水动力水环境的影响研究

水闸规模与所处河道宽度的差异一定程度上会阻碍水流流通，造成水体置换周期延长，极易诱发水体富营养化，故确定水闸建设规模对河道水动力水环境的影响对维护水安全具有重要意义。以上海市青浦区跃进圩区内的闸坝为研究对象，采用一维水动力水质模型模拟预测了不同闸宽条件下跃进片各断面最大流量、总进水量等水动力变化特征以及COD、NH3-N、TP等营养物质的浓度变化，探讨了圩区水闸闸孔宽度与河道断面匹配关系，分析了闸孔宽度变化对水量水质的影响。模拟结果表明：闸门宽度的增加将直接引起过闸的最大流量线性增大，而总进水量与水质改善情况更大程度地受限于闸门河宽比。在现有引排水量及闸泵调度规则下，跃进片区的临界闸门河宽比约为2/5。

Study on influence of sluice size on hydrodynamic and water environment of river channels

The difference between the sluice size and the channel width will hinder the flow of water to a certain extent, and result in the prolongation of the replacement period of water, which can easily induce water eutrophication. Therefore, it is of great significance to determine the effect of sluice construction scale on the hydrodynamic and water environment of river channels. Taking the sluice dam in Yuejin polder area of Qingpu District, Shanghai as the research object, a one-dimensional hydrodynamic water quality model was used to simulate and predict the hydrodynamic variation characteristics of the maximum flow and the total inflow water volume of each section and the concentration of COD, NH3-N and TP under different sluice width conditions. The matching relationship between the sluice width and the river section was discussed, and the influence of the sluice width on water quantity and water quality was analyzed. The simulation results showed that the increase of sluice width will directly cause the linear increase of the maximum flow rate, and the total inflow water volume and the improvement of water quality will be restricted to a greater extent by the ratio of the sluice width to the channel width. Under the current drainage and sluice pump regulation, the critical ratio of the sluice width to the channel width in the leaping area is about 2/5.