Objective Formalization,Perceived Formalization and Perceived Red Tape |
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| Authors: | Wesley Kaufmann Mary K Feeney |
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| Institution: | 1. Management Department , Antwerp Centre of Evolutionary Demography University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium wesley.kaufmann@ua.ac.be;3. Department of Public Administration , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , USA E-mail: mkfeeney@uic.edu |
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| Abstract: | Abstract This research uses survey data and count data of formal rules in a Dutch organization to investigate the relationships between an objective measure of formalization and subjective measures of formalization and red tape. We find that red tape perceptions are related to perceptions of formalization. Second, we find that perceived formalization is weakly, significantly related to objective measures of formalization but that objective formalization measures do not correspond to higher levels of red tape perceptions. We conclude that red tape and formalization are distinct concepts, but question the claim that formalization is a necessary condition for red tape. |
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| Keywords: | Red tape formalization organizational rules |
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