我国流域可持续发展的国家立法评价

本文通过对我国现行的与流域相关的国家立法进行梳理,指出我国已初步形成了较为系统的,旨在促进、实现和保障流域可持续发展的国家立法,但是必须通过适时和合理的修订才能够支持流域的可持续发展。修订时需要注意:加强对地下水环境的重视程度;综合考虑社会、经济和生态需要的同时,制订相应的标准和法律责任;综合考虑流域生态系统内的水、土、气、生物多样性、人文因素等;明确多个参与部门的职责及法律责任;注意法律之间及其与政策之间的相互支持;流域相关机构之间加强合作;行政的、市场的和社会的调整机制的综合运用;对流域与区域的统一管理提供更加强有力的支持,强化现有流域管理机构的职能;明确公众参与的具体办法;加强预警和应急制度的建设;明确对生态移民的保护;增加责任的可诉性规定等。

The National Law Evaluation of River Basin Sustainable Development in China

By collecting and analyzing our active national law about river basin, the paper points out that we have formed a systemic national law elementarily, which aims to promote, realize and ensure the sustainable development of river basin in China. However, we should amend laws in time, making it more reasonable. We should pay attention to below guidelines:importance of underground water environment;setting down relevant standard and legal responsibility when thinking about social, economic and ecological need;synthetical consideration about water, land, air, biodiversity and human factors etc. in river basin ecosystem;definitude of the responsibility and legal duty of related departments;mutual support between laws and policies and intra-laws;collaboration among related institutions;the use of administrative, market and social method;having the responsibility and strengthening the functions of river basin organizations in existence;enacting the specific ways for public participation;strengthening the crisis management;protection for ecological migration;provision of dispute resolution.