中国农业碳排放再测算: 基本现状、动态演进及空间溢出效应

探究创新要素流动对农业绿色发展的影响机制，合理引导创新要素流动，对推动农业现代化发展具有重要的现实意义。本文基于要素流动视角，在采用SBM-GML指数测算农业绿色发展水平的基础上，运用空间杜宾模型考察了R&D人员和R&D资本两种类型创新要素流动对农业绿色发展的影响及其空间溢出效应。结果表明：（1）中国农业绿色发展整体呈波动上升的态势，地区农业绿色发展水平的提升能够通过正向空间溢出效应带动邻近省份农业绿色转型。（2）创新要素流动存在显著的空间关联特征，R&D人员流动和R&D资本流动均能显著提升地区农业绿色发展水平。（3）R&D人员流动能通过正向空间溢出效应推动邻近省份农业绿色转型，R&D资本流动则会通过负向空间溢出效应阻碍邻近地区农业绿色发展。基于上述研究结论，本文提出相应的对策建议：构建农业绿色技术创新合作网络平台，按要素精准施策，积极完善金融体系和资本市场建设，引导创新要素合理流动。

A global Malquist-Luenberger productivity index

Understanding how innovation factors influence agricultural green development and the need to guide the flow of innovation factors are important in promoting agricultural modernization. This study examines the impact of R&D personnel and R&D capital on agricultural green development using the SBM-GML index to measure green development levels. It also investigates the spatial spillover effects of these innovation factors. Findings reveal that China’s agricultural green development shows an overall upward trend, with regional improvements driving the agricultural green transformation of neighboring provinces through positive spatial spillover effects. Additionally, both R&D personnel and R&D capital flow positively affect regional agricultural green development. However, the flow of R&D capital negatively influences neighboring provinces' green agricultural development through negative spatial spillover effects. Based on these findings, the paper proposes several countermeasures, including the establishment of a cooperative network platform for agricultural green technology innovation, the implementation of targeted measures based on specific factors, the enhancement of financial system and capital market infrastructure, and the guidance of a rational flow of innovation factors.