宏观视域下海岸带主体功能区划的分区及其管理

第十一个五年规划提出要根据资源环境承载能力、现有开发密度和发展潜力,统筹考虑未来我国人口分布、经济布局、国土利用和城镇化格局,将国土空间划分为优化开发区、重点开发区、限制开发区和禁止开发区。国土空间的主体功能规划已经展开。海岸带是经济活动的重要地区,但环境污染、生态破坏和经济发展不平衡等问题也比较突出,故有必要对海岸带进行主体功能区划。海岸带主体功能区划是国土空间规划的一部分,但又不同于国土空间规划,海岸带主体功能区划还涉及到海洋。海岸带主体功能区划在与国土空间主体功能区划保持一致的同时应当有自己的特色。对海岸带进行主体功能区划后必须对不同的区域实施不同的管理政策。海岸带主体功能区既要实施分区管理,又要考虑综合管理,在管理体制上也要二者兼顾,才能更好地实现海岸带持续发展的目标。

Partition and management of major function oriented coastal zone under the macroscopic perspective

The eleventh five-year plan was proposed, according to bearing capacity of resources and environment, existing development density and development potential. Considering the future of china＂ s population distribution, economic layout, land use and urbanization patterns, land space will be divided into four major function oriented zones. They are optimized developmental zone, stressed developmental zone, restricted developmental zone and prohibited zone. The major function oriented zone plan of land space has started. Coast is the important region of economic activity, but it is significant of the pollution of the environment, ecological destruction and economic development unbalanced and etc. It is essential of major function oriented coastal zone. Major function oriented coastal zone is part of land space plan, but it is different from land space plan. It should be correspondence with land space plan, meanwhile, it should have own characteristics. It is necessary to implement different management policy after major function oriented zone plan. Major function oriented coastal zone not only need division management, but also comprehensive management. So that, it may achieve coast sustainable development goals.