创业导师指导效果影响因素与对策研究

创业导师是指凭借自身丰富知识和经验向初创企业创业者提供激励与建议，以帮助他们避免出现致命错误的人。采用自我决定理论和社会认知理论考察创业导师外部服务动机、内部服务动机、创业指导自我效能感对新创企业成长、创业者成长及创业导师自身幸福感的影响，对176名创业导师数据进行回归分析。结果显示：①创业导师外部服务动机与新创企业销售额增长、创业者成长呈显著正向关系;②创业导师内部服务动机与新创企业市场份额增长、创业者成长及创业导师幸福感呈显著正向关系;③创业导师创业指导自我效能感与新创企业销售额及市场份额增长、创业者成长及创业导师幸福感呈显著正向关系。基于上述研究结果，从培育创业导师特色文化、强化创业导师激励机制、培养创业导师核心能力和搭建创业导师智库平台4个方面提出提升创业导师指导效果的对策建议。

Research on the Motivators and Abilities Affecting on Mentoring Effectiveness and Countermeasures

Enterprise mentor is the person who provide entrepreneurs with encouragement and suggestions and help them to avoid fatal mistakes by means of their rich knowledge and experiences. With the sample of 176 enterprise mentors, this article empirically examined the roles of the intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and mentoring self-efficacy in affecting mentoring effectiveness. The results of regression analyses found that: (1) mentors' extrinsic motivation was positively related to the sale growth of start-up firms, the entrepreneur growth; (2) mentors' intrinsic motivation was positively related to the market shares of start-up firms, the entrepreneur growth and the mentor's well-being; (3) mentors' self-efficacy was positively related to the growth of start-up firms, the entrepreneur growth and the mentor's well-being. Based on the results, we argued that the institutions should cultivate mentor culture, incentive system, develop core ability and build think-tank platforms to enhance mentoring effectiveness.