新农村建设、农业转型与工业化城市化——一个新农村建设作用机制的经济学分析

本文探讨了新农村建设作用于我国经济发展的农业生产效率提升机制和农产品交易效率提升机制以及相应的具体途径。结果表明,在这两个经济机制发挥作用的条件下,经济结构和人口结构向现代化转型,但如果不彻底解决城乡二元结构、农民迁移和就业方面的歧视,城乡收入差距并不一定会随之缩小。改革开放以来的经验从另一面表明,在二元结构、工业和城市偏向政策下,农业生产效率提升机制作用难以充分发挥,而间接促使农业生产效率提升的财政和金融支持也难以有效地推动农业生产效率提升。这意味着,彻底破解城乡二元结构、破除阻碍农业生产效率提升的各种制度和障碍确应成为新农村建设中的重中之重。

Abstract：

How many policy combinations are involved in China’s New Rural Reconstruction？ Are they consistently interweaved to form a force leading to the increase of industriali-zation and urbanization,the increase of peasant’s income,and the decrease of urban-rural income disparity？This paper aims to analyze the two economic mechanisms,four policy channels and their effects on Chinese agricultural transition,industrialization and urbanization process,and urban-rural disparity. Our results show that these two mecha-nisms and four policy channels will exert a positive effect on the decreasing of agricultural employment and value share,the increasing of urbanization and industrialization,agricultural income,but they will demonstrate both positive and negative effect on the urban-rural income disparity if the removal of the old urban-rural dual structure,the promotion of peasant’s non-agricultural employment,and more integration of rural sector and industrial sector,weren’t placed more emphasis. This means these institutional reforms should be given more priority in the so-called New Rural Reconstruction Program.