国际碳排放交易的成本与收益分析

国际碳排放交易作为《京都议定书》中的重要机制之一，已在全球范围内推行与实施。碳排放交易既可能带来企业技术改进收益、行业生产率提高与产业发展、弥补资金缺口与吸取先进经验以及改善环境与缓解减排压力等方面的收益，也会产生市场进入与政策执行成本、CDM项目市场上的成本和风险、污染的外溢性效应、金融风险以及其他衍生成本，具体影响结果取决于两者的比较，通过碳排放交易，企业之间可以在既定的标准约束下实现帕累托最优。

Analysis of Cost and Revenue of International Carbon Emission Trade

As one of the important mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, international carbon emissions trading has been introduced and implemented worldwide. Carbon emissions trading is likely to bring the gains, such as technical improvement, productivity improvement, industrial development, making up capital shortage and drawing up in the advanced experience; and also create market access costs, CDM implementation costs, pollution spillover effect, financial risks, and so on. Generally speaking, the final result depends on the comparison between the benefits and costs. Under certain condition, carbon emission trade can make firms reach Pareto efficiency.