内蒙古达赉湖国家级自然保护区狼捕食家畜现状

2004-07～2005-06,在内蒙古达赉湖国家级自然保护区嘎拉达白辛站考察,监测狼的种群波动,并对狼害的情况进行评估;结果表明:自然食物的匮乏导致狼在冬季大量捕食家畜,造成人狼矛盾激化,人类捕杀成为狼致死的主要因素;建议改变目前的放牧方式,重引入当地的一些原生物种,补充狼的自然食物,以缓解狼对家畜的捕食压力。

Wolf predation on livestock in Dalai Lake National Nature Reserve, Inner Mongolia

Wolf depredations on livestock are largely responsible for their conflicts with humans and for the historic collapse of their geographic range.A survey was conducted in Dalai Lake National Nature Reserve in order to evaluate the extent of wolf-livestock conflicts.A pack of wolf,number range from three to twelve,was tracked there.From July 2004 to June 2005,108 head of livestock were killed by wolves in 41 attacks,and all death of fourteen wolves was related to human hunting in the corresponding period.Sheep seemed to be the major prey of wolves,about 75% of the total number killed.Calves constituted 91.67% of cattle lost,indicating a clear selection by wolves for calves over adult cattle,so did horses.The amount of livestock killed by wolves was high form from September 2004 to March 2005,about 91.53% to the total number killed of the year,at least four factors led to this situation: pack size,food supply,photoperiod and influence of humans.Improvements in farm management practices may reduce the present number of conflicts.The reintroduction of wild large herbivores should be advocated as a means of reducing attacks on livestock.