平台经济发展与“保就业和稳就业”:基于就业弹性与劳动过程的分析

平台经济在此次新冠肺炎流行期间得到了快速发展,不但在有效保持防疫所要求社交距离的同时,满足了百姓的日常生活必需,更重要的是其提供了大量的就业岗位。本文首先分析"稳就业"与"保就业"的内在逻辑,阐述"稳就业"的大局观和长期性。然后基于经济学视角,运用统计年鉴数据计算就业弹性,剖析行业发展与平台经济融合对就业的吸纳效应,显示平台经济发展对保就业和稳就业岗位的正向作用。但同时从劳动关系视角,通过对平台经济灵活就业劳动过程分析,指出其有别于正规就业劳动关系导致就业的不稳定性,对稳定就业带来了挑战。文章最后界定了"灵活就业劳动关系"的内涵和外延,建议在发展平台经济以稳就业岗位的同时,从劳权的具体七个方面系统思考灵活就业劳动关系的规制体系,以保障灵活就业劳动者的权益,化解发展平台经济对就业劳动关系的不稳定因素。

Platform Economy Development and Employment Ensuring & Employment Stabilizing: Based on Employment Elasticity and Work Process Analysis

The platform economy has developed rapidly during the epidemic of COVID-19. Not only does it effectively maintain the social distancing required for epidemic prevention, it also meets the daily needs of the people. And more importantly, it provides a large number of jobs. This paper first analyzes the logic of employment ensuring and employment stabilizing as well as the long-term nature of employment stabilizing. Then, in terms of economic perspective, the employment elasticity is calculated using statistical yearbook data to analyze the absorption effect of industry development and platform economic integration on employment. The result shows the positive effect of platform economy development on maintaining employment and stabilizing jobs. But from the perspective of labor relations, through the analysis of the work process of the platform economy employment, it finds its difference comparing with the formal employment relationship that leads to instability in employment, which brings challenges to stabilize employment. This paper finally defines the connotation and extension of "flexible employment labor relations". It suggests that while developing the platform economy to ensure employment, the regulatory system of flexible employment labor relations should be systematically considered from the specific seven dimensions of labor rights to protect flexible employment workers’ rights and interests. The long-term objective is to develop platform economy in harmony labor relations.