区位模型在公共设施布局中的应用

古典区位论是现代区位论的理论基石,运用于公共设施布局的分配.区位模型是在对古典区位论进行新的诠释以及对其中的假设限制加以修订的基础上发展起来的。顺应当今社会福利化的发展趋势,分配.区位模型正在为福利政策的全方位实施提供有效的理论借鉴。从量化的角度看,区位模型在应用方面大致可以分为解决“重心指向”、“中心指向”和“覆盖指向”等3类问题。建立应用模型首先要确定区位选择的评价标准,其次是划定设置设施的服务范围与确定设施的数目和等级;分析微区位设施布局限制条件的改变对目标函数的影响可以采用“感度分析”等方法。多目标的设施区位规划、GIS空间分析方法的有效使用,以及寻求更快捷的量化求解方法是分配.区位模型在未来的应用研究中应该加强的方面。

APPLICATION OF LOCATION MODELS IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF COMMON FACILITIES

Classical location theories are the theoretical footstones of modern location theories.The model of distribution.Location used in the distribution of common facilities develops basing on the new explanation to the classical location theories and the modification to the hypothesis limitations.Fitting to the development trend of the modern welfare society,the model of distribution.Location as an academics base is playing an important role in bringing the welfare policies into effect.From the quantity view,the location models can be applied to solve three kinds of problems: "median problems","central problems" and "covering problems".To establish the applied models,at first,the evaluation standards for location selection must be decided;second,demarcate the service area of the facilities and confirm the number and the ranks of the facilities.The methods,such as sensitivity analysis,can be adopted to analyze the impacts on the target functions,which are induced by changing the limiting conditions of the facilities distribution in micro-location.In future,the model of distribution.Location should be strengthened at these facets: the location programming of the multi-target facilities,the effective application of the spatial analysis function of GIS and the better shortcut mathematical methods to find the solutions.