公共役权视角下耕地管制的法权基础与制度完善

研究目的：探究耕地保护中公权力对土地权利进行限制的法权基础与耕地保护立法中完善公权管制的路径。研究方法：演绎推理。研究结果：公共役权构成耕地管制的权力依据，亦为土地权利人因受此种限制而获得相应补偿提供支撑。耕地上负担由土地物权和公共役权组成的公私二元权利（力）结构。当前土地用途管制制度存在管制目的的片面性、管制方式的单一性和管制链条的残缺性等问题，急需在耕地保护相关立法中予以完善。研究结论：耕地保护立法应遵循公共役权的法权逻辑，平衡公权与私权的关系，将管制对象由耕地用途扩及质量，明确管制的边界，由单一管制转向激励性管制，建立公平合理的耕地保护补偿原则和灵活多元的补偿方式，完善管制链条。

Legal Basis and Institutional Improvement of Cultivated Land Control from the Perspective of Public Servitude

The purpose of this paper is to explore the legal basis for the restriction of public rights on land rights in the process of protecting cultivated land, to improve the regulation of public rights in the legislation of cultivated land protection. The research method is deductive reasoning. The research results show that the public servitude constitutes the power basis of cultivated land control and provides support for the farmer to obtain the corresponding compensation. The cultivated land bears the public-private dual right structure composed of land property right and public servitude. There are some problems in the current land use control system, such as the one-sided control purpose, the single control mode and the incomplete control chain, which need to be improved in the relevant legislation of cultivated land protection. In conclusion, the legislation of cultivated land protection should follow the legal logic of public servitude, expand the control object from the use of cultivated land to the quality, clarify the boundary of control, change from single control to incentive control, establish fair and reasonable compensation principles for cultivated land protection with flexible and diversified compensation methods, and improve the control chain.