Civil disobedience and whistleblowing: A comparative appraisal of two forms of dissent

This paper compares and evaluates two forms of dissent: civil disobedience — protests by citizens against the laws or actions of their government; and whistleblowing — disclosure by employees of illegal, immoral or questionable practices by their employees. Each is identified, the conceptual issues are distinguished from strategic and normative ones and parallel moral questions posed. Should one first dissent within prescribed channels before going outside them? Should one act publicly or is withholding one's identity permissible or desirable? What is the basis and limits for one's loyalty to one's country or employer, and how can transgressing these limits be morally justified?