汽车结构的轻量化设计方法综述

汽车结构轻量化对降低汽车排放和油耗具有重要意义。文章介绍了汽车结构轻量化的几个代表性研究项目;对高强度钢板、铝镁合金及塑料等轻质高强度材料在车身结构轻量化中的应用进行了阐述;围绕新材料的先进成形工艺,如激光拼焊板、液压和气压成形,热冲压工艺等成形工艺,以及自冲铆接等先进连接工艺进行了分析;同时还介绍了有关的汽车结构优化和创新设计方法。最后对汽车结构轻量化设计方法的发展动向进行了展望。

The Review of Design Methods for Lightweight of Automobile Structure

Lightweight of automobile structure is important for vehicle emissions reduction and fuel consumption.It can be realized by using lightweight-high-strength materials,relative advanced forming process for automobile structure parts,connection technology and structure optimization or other innovation methods.This article describes a few representative research projects on automotive structural lightweight;elaborates the use of high strength steel,aluminum-magnesium alloy,plastics and other lightweight-high-strength materials in the lightweight of body structure;analyzes advanced forming process for new materials,such as tailored blanks,hydraulic and pneumatic forming,hot stamping,and advanced connectivity technology of the self-pierce riveting.It also presents the relative methods for structural optimization and innovative design.Finally,it prospects the development trend of design method for lightweight of automobile structure.