基于人力资本视角的中国服务贸易比较优势分析

随着全球产业结构的升级和国际贸易的发展，服务贸易成为了各国竞争的焦点。研究服务贸易比较优势的形成和转换成为了当务之急。本文从服务贸易总量、国际市场占有率、服务贸易结构三个方面对我国服务贸易的比较优势进行了测度，结果表明我国服务贸易总量增长迅速，远超于世界平均水平，但是总体竞争力低，结构不平衡。运用1982—2006年的数据，以柯布·道格拉斯生产函数为基础，构建服务贸易比较优势影响因素的多要素模型进行实证分析，回归结果显示，物质资本、劳动力、人力资本和FDI对服务贸易出口显著正相关。其中，劳动力的产出弹性最大，人力资本的产出弹性次之，说明我国服务贸易的比较优势主要来源于劳动力，人力资本的促进作用较小，从加大教育投入、增强技术创新、吸引外国投资方面提出促进我国服务贸易比较优势转换的建议。

Analysis on Comparative Advantage of China's Service Trade based on Human Capital

With the world＇s industrial structure upgrading and international business developing, service trade becomes the focus of national competition. It is urgent to study the formation and transformation of comparative advantage of service trade. The paper measures the comparative advantage of China＇s service trade from total trade in services, international market share and service trade structure. It shows that the growth of China＇s service trade far exceeds the world average. However, the overall competitiveness is low and structure is unbalanced. Using 1982-2006 data, the paper makes an empirical analysis on factors of comparative advantage of service trade based on the Cobb-Douglas production function. The result is that physical capital, labor, human capital and FDI have a significant positive correlation with exports of service trade. Among them, the output elasticity of labor is the biggest, followed by the output elasticity of human capital. It shows that China＇s comparative advantage of service trade is mainly from labor and promotion of human capital is smaller. Finally it comes the conclusion and suggestion of how to promote our comparative advantage of service trade form increasing investment in education, enhancing technological innovation, attracting FDI.