WTO贸易救济体系:1995～2010年回顾与评析

反倾销、反补贴和保障措施构成了WTO多边贸易体制下的三大贸易救济制度和机制。通过对WTO有关这三类措施1995～2010年间的统计资料的多视角分析,我们发现:统计期内WTO成员的贸易救济呈现出"两高两低"的总体特征,且迄今仍以反倾销占统治地位,但近几年反补贴和保障措施呈上升趋势;从成员使用贸易救济的情况看,G20国家以及欧盟是使用主体,其中印度是全球反倾销和保障措施的最大用户,美国是全球反补贴的最大用户和反倾销的第二用户;而中国则是受全球贸易救济影响最大也最广泛的国家,不仅自1995年以来一直处在全球反倾销第一对象国的"宝座"上,而且也是近年来事实上的全球反补贴的第一目标国。更为突出的是,由于种种原因,中国还越来越成为保障措施特别是歧视性特保措施的牺牲品;最后,就产业影响而言,全球贸易救济措施的近一半是针对冶金和化工这两大行业的,其中以钢铁冶炼与制品为代表的贱金属及其制品行业受影响最大。

Review on WTO Trade Remedy System:1995-2010

WTO trade remedy system consists of anti-dumping, countervailing and safeguard. By analyzing on the data of this three measures taken by WTO Members during 1995-30 June 2010, we can conclude some findings as follow： firstly, the development of the WTO trade remedy measures throughout the relevant period were characterized by ＂double peaks and double valleys＂. Secondly, The praetices of anti-dumping had prevailed mostly in the whole period, while the practices of SCM（subsidies and countervailing measures） and safeguard tended to rise in recent years. Thirdly, from the perspective of user of trade remedy system, G-20 members were the main countries that use anti-dumping, countervailing and safeguard measures, especially India, the United States and EU. But from the perspective of the targeted countries to the trade remedy system, China had not only been in the first place in the top countries influenced by the anti-dumping measures throughout the reporting period, but also was in fact the first target of the countervailing and safeguard measures since its entry into WTO. And lastly, on the view of affected industries, the base metals and articles thereof and the chemical were the most vulnerable two industries as they had received about half of all remedy measures taken by WTO members during the period.