洪河湿地夏季丹顶鹤觅食生境初步研究

丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)为大型涉禽,由于栖息地丧失,数量减少,已被CITES列为附录I,IUCN红皮书列为全球濒危物种,并被列为国家I级重点保护鸟类;2012年6月,笔者在洪河自然保护区对丹顶鹤夏季觅食地生境进行了调查;共获取80个1m×1m的样方,利用样方法和因子测定法测定其夏季觅食地植物的类型、高度、盖度、植物密度、水深、人为干扰距离等。结果显示:丹顶鹤夏季主要在以苔草、小叶章为主的沼泽湿地中觅食;最佳觅食地植被高度为40~80cm,植被密度400~800株/m2,植被盖度为25%,觅食地水深多为10~15cm,人为干扰距离为0.4~0.8km;人为活动严重影响着丹顶鹤夏季的觅食。

A Preliminary Study on Foraging Habitat o~ Red-crowned Crane in Summer / in Honghe Wetland

Red-crowned Crane（Grus japonens/s）is a large wader. Because of habitat loss, its global population is declining and is now endangered. Red-crowned Crane is listed in CITES Appendix I （which bans all international trade in the species） is categorized as Endangered in the IUCN Red list, and is also listed in the First Category of Protected Birds in China. During June 2012, the foraging habitat of Red-crowned Crane was investigated using GPS and direct observation at Honghe National Nature Reserve, Helongjiang Province. 80 plots （lm xlm） were established for sampling vegetation. Factors of its foraging habitat including vegetation species, height, coverage, density, water depth and human disturbance were measured and analyzed by quadrate sampling and factor analysis methods. Results indicated that Grus japonensis mainly foraging in the wetlands which have Carex spp.,Calamagrostis angu.stifolia. The height of these plants was between 40 to 80cm,the density was between 400 to 800 plants per square meter,vegetation cover less than 25% ,and the depth of the foraging place water was between 10 to 15cm,the distance of human disturbance was between 0.4 to 0.8kin. Human activity greatly affects Grus japonensis foraging.