生态功能区县域生态资产价值评估

基于生态资产内涵,构建由自然资源价值与生态系统服务价值组成的生态功能区县域生态资产价值评估指标体系,核算并分析了宁夏自治区泾源县从2000年到2015年生态资产价值的变化情况。结果显示:泾源县2000年和2015年的生态资产价值分别为87. 79亿元和98. 09亿元,其中自然资源价值所占比例分别为60. 72%和59. 62%;与2000相比,2015年泾源县除湿地资源价值、气体调节价值及耕地资源价值减少外,其它生态资产指标的价值均不同程度增加,其中以休憩娱乐价值和林地资源价值增幅最大,分别为131. 56%和81. 28%。

The Value Evaluation of Ecological Assets in County of Ecological Functional Area

(1)Background——Ecological assets are the various benefits provided by the ecosystem to human beings,and are the material basis for the survival and development of human society. The value evaluation of ecological assets uses money to measure ecological resources,which is an important basis for the management of ecological assets and the work of ecological compensation.(2)Methods——Taking Jingyuan County of Ningxia as an example,a value evaluation system of ecological assets,which consists of natural resource value and ecosystem service value was constructed,including 2 primary indicators and 11 secondary indicators. The quality grade coefficient of ecological assets was introduced to quantify the quality of different natural resources,and the value of ecological assets and its changes in 2000-2015 were evaluated and analyzed.(3) Results——The results showed that: Firstly,the value of ecological assets in Jingyuan County in 2000 and 2015 was 87. 79 billion yuan and 98. 09 billion yuan respectively,of which the value of natural resources accounted for 60. 72% and 59. 62% respectively,which was greater than the value of ecosystem services. Therefore,the value of natural resources should not be ignored in the value evaluation of ecological assets. Secondly,the value of ecological assets in Jingyuan County increased by 11. 73% during the research period,among which the value of forestland resources and the value of recreational entertainment were the main contributors. Since the end of the 20 th century,Jingyuan County has implemented a series of ecological projects,such as the Grain for Green Project and the Natural Forest Protection Project,to restore and protect ecological environment. On the one hand,these measures make the county slope farmland decrease,while the forestland,grassland,wetland and other ecological land increase,thus increasing the value of forestland,grassland and wetland in the value of natural resources; on the other hand,these protective behaviors improve the quality of regional natural resources and increase the supply of ecological services,thus increasing the value of most ecosystem services. In addition,the vigorous development of tourism has led to the largest increase in the value of recreational entertainment during the study period,while the increase in prices and the increase in production have led to significant increases in the value of crops and forest products. However,changes in climate such as temperature and precipitation have reduced the value of climate regulation during the study period. Therefore,social factors,especially the implementation of ecological engineering,are the main reasons for the change of the value of ecological assets in Jingyuan County. Finally,as the value of ecosystem services increases more than the value of natural resources,the management of ecological assets in the future should pay more attention to increasing ecological assets by improving the quality of ecosystem services.(4) Conclusions and Discussions——The research results show that ecological assets play an important role in the social and economic development of Jingyuan County,which provides a theoretical basis for the protection and management of local ecological assets. On the one hand,the area of woodland,grassland and wetland should be increased,and the amount of ecological assets should be promoted; on the other hand,the supply capacity of ecosystem services and the quality of ecological assets should be also promoted by the ecological resources management. The study also provides a reference for the value evaluation of ecological assets in similar areas.