福建省重点生态区位商品林赎买模式比较研究

阐述福建省重点生态区位商品林赎买改革模式,收集典型案例,对福建省现行的赎买、租赁、置换及改造提升等多种赎买模式进行归纳总结和优劣势分析。基于赎买过程中涉及到的政府、行业主管部门和农户3个利益主体,并结合赎买模式实施条件,得出不同利益主体选择赎买模式的建议:政府应选择保护林权权利人合法权益,促进林区社会和谐稳定的赎买模式;林业主管部门应选择有利于林分结构调整、优化生态公益林布局、提高林业社会地位的赎买模式;农户应基于收益最大化目标,结合家庭劳动力、林业依赖等情况选择赎买模式。

A Comparative Study on the Redemption Models of Commodity Forests in Key Ecological Locations in Fujian Province

⑴ Background——Due to the need of ecological protection,since 2012,Fujian has restricted the cutting of commercial forests in key ecological locations,involving 651300 hm~2 of commercial forests in 81 counties(cities,districts) across the province. It has had a negative impact on the legal rights and interests of forest right holders,resulting in a growing contradiction between the protection and management of commercial forests.In order to solve the contradiction between ecological protection and the interests of forest farmers,Fujian has began to implement redemption reforms from 2015,established a total of 16 reform pilots,redeemed more than 13300 hm~2 of commercial forest by various redemption models.⑵ Methods——From October 2017 to November 2018,we conducted investigations on pilot counties(cities,districts) in 16 key ecological location commercial forest redemption reforms.Using the methods of interview investigation and case study,this paper collected the typical cases of different redemption models,and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different redemption models from the perspective of different stakeholders.⑶ Results——The redeeming reform of the key eco-locational commodity forest is difficult to sustain in the absence of ransom funds.All kinds of redemption models have their advantages and disadvantages.The advantage of the redemption model is to avoid the conflict of property rights between the government and the forest rights holders,which is conducive to the unified management of the government.It not only mobilizes the forest land assets but also liberates the remaining forestry labor force;the disadvantages mainly include the heavy burden of redemption funds,and operational difficulties caused by different forest land management periods.In addition,there is no clear policy basis for the management issues after redemption.The advantage of the revamping and lifting model is to meet the reasonable demand of forest rights holders to cut down forest trees for economic benefits,improve the utilization rate of redemption funds,improve the quality of forest stands,and optimize the layout of ecological public welfare forests;the disadvantage is that supervising the revamping and lifting is difficult,and the subsidy standards is too low.The advantage of the leasing model is to reduce the burden of redemption funds and raise the awareness of forest protection rights holders;the disadvantage is that the lease amount is too low,and the willingness of forest rights holders to participate in redemption is reduced.The advantage of the replacement model is that it not only retains the income source for the forest rights holders,but also saves the government redemption funds and optimizes the public welfare forest layout;the disadvantage is that there are fewer ecological public welfare forestlands suitable for replacement,and the forest ownership subject has a low willingness to replace.⑷ Conclusions——For the government,it should choose redemption models based on the factors of social harmony and stability,the source of funds and protecting the legal rights and interests of forest right holders;For the forestry authorities,they should choose redemption models based on the forest structure adjustment,optimizing the layout of ecological public welfare forests,and improving the social status of forestry;Farm households should choose the redemption models based on the goal of maximization of income,combining the family labor force,forestry dependence and so on.