基本养老保险对居民幸福感的影响及其机制研究

完善基本养老保险制度是增进民生福祉与加强社会治理的关键要义。过往研究主要关注基本养老保险对幸福感的主效应,鲜有探讨异质性和中介效应。基于中国综合社会调查2015年的数据,利用有序Logit模型和倾向得分匹配模型,重点探讨基本养老保险对居民幸福感的影响机制。研究表明:参加基本养老保险对居民幸福感具有显著正向作用;基本养老保险显著提升中低收入居民的幸福感,但对高收入居民的影响微弱;社会信任在基本养老保险参与和居民幸福感之间发挥部分中介作用。因此,为了提升居民幸福感,我国在多层次养老保险体系建设中应以基本养老保险制度为重点,同时加快推进第二层次的企业年金制度和第三层次的个人储蓄性养老保险制度的发展,努力为培育社会信任提供公平正义的养老保险制度环境。

Study on the Influence of Basic Pension Insurance on Happiness and Its Mechanism

The perfection of the basic pension insurance system is the key dimension to improve public welfare and strengthen social governance.Previous studies have focused on the main effects of basic pension insurance on happiness,but rarely discussed heterogeneity and intermediary effect.Based on the data of China General Social Survey in 2015,using ordered Logit model and propensity score matching model,this paper focuses on the mechanism of the influence of basic pension insurance on happiness.The results show as follow:participation in basic pension insurance has a significant positive effect on people's happiness;participation in basic pension insurance significantly improves the well-being of middle and low-income residents,but has a weak impact on high-income residents;social trust plays a partial mediation role between participation in basic pension insurance and people's happiness.Therefore,in order to enhance people's happiness,the construction of the multi-level pension insurance system in China should focus on the basic pension insurance system,at the same time speed up the construction of the second-level enterprise annuity planand the third-level personal savings old-age insurance system,and strive to provide a fair pension insurance system environment for cultivating social trust.