收入差距、社会保障与提升居民幸福感和获得感

中国经济增长存在“Easterlin悖论”。如何破解悖论,是当下学术研究重点关注的问题,也是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的核心要义。利用中国家庭综合调查数据,在Ordered Probit和OLS模型构建的基础上,阐述了收入差距、社会保障与居民幸福感和获得感提升之间相互影响的机理及机制。结果表明:收入差距与居民幸福感和获得感之间呈“倒U型”关系;社会保障在提升居民幸福感和获得感方面表现突出。通过机理分析可知,收入差距过大形成的不公平感降低了幸福感和获得感,而社会保障既能通过提高居民消费水平与健康水平来提升幸福感和获得感,也能够通过提高公平感来缓解收入差距给幸福感和获得感带来的负面影响。因此,维护收入分配的公平性,降低居民对社会风险的担忧程度,提升防范与应对风险的能力是提高居民幸福感和获得感的重要举措。

Income Gap,Social Insurance and the Improvement of Residents'Happiness

In the relationship between China's economic growth and national happiness,there is the"Easterlin paradox".How to solve the paradox is the focus of academic research and the core essence of Xi Jinping's socialist thought with Chinese characteristics in the new era.Based on the Chinese household survey data of 2015,this paper analyzes mechanism of the interaction between income gap,social security,residents'happiness and sense of gain with the Probit Ordered model and OLS model.The results show that the income gap has an inverted u-shaped relationship with residents'happiness and sense of gain and social security plays an important role in improving residents'happiness and sense of gain.Through mechanism analysis,it is found that the sense of unfairness created by a large income gap reduces happiness and the sense of gain,and social security can not only improve residents'happiness and sense of gain by raising their consumption level and health level,but also alleviate the negative effects of income gap on happiness and sense of gain by improving sense of equity.Therefore,maintaining the fairness of income distribution,reducing residents'concern about social risks and improving their ability to prevent and deal with risks are important measures to improve residents'happiness and sense of gain.