农村失独家庭养老需求的差异性与精准扶助——基于四川省H县调查

农村失独家庭是农村弱势群体中的“弱势群体”。准确识别失独家庭的养老需求并做出相应的策略安排,是养老资源有限条件下的理性选择。本文基于对四川省H县8个镇302户失独家庭的问卷调查,通过建立模型和访谈方式分析农村失独家庭养老需求的差异性。结果表明:老年失独家庭的养老需求比非老年失独家庭明显更高;收入和健康状况是影响农村老年失独家庭和非老年失独家庭养老需求的重要因素;性别、文化程度、婚姻状况以及有无积蓄对老年失独家庭和非老年失独家庭的各类养老需求类的影响有所不同;养老保险对两类家庭的养老需求均无显著影响。因此,本文从注重养老资源供给的侧重性、提高失独家庭收入水平、重点关注失独家庭的健康保障和提供菜单式的养老服务等方面对农村失独家庭的养老保障提出了精准扶助的政策思考。

Different Old-age Needs and Precision Support for Rural Only-Child-Died Families--Based on the Investigation of H County in Sichuan Province

The rural only-child-died families is the"vulnerable group"among the vulnerable groups.It is a rational choice under the condition of limited supporting resources for elderly to accurately identify the old-age needs of the only-child-died families and make corresponding strategic arrangements.Based on the questionnaire survey of 302 only-child-died families in H County,Sichuan Province,this paper empirically analyzes the differences of the needs for the rural only-child-died families through models and interviews.The results show as follow:the old-age needs of elderly only-child-died families are significantly higher than those of non-elderly families;income and health status are important factors affecting the old-age needs of rural elderly and non-elderly only-child-died families;gender,educational level,marital status and savings have different effects on the old-age needs of elderly and non-elderly only-child-died groups;pension insurance has no significant impact on the oldage service needs of the two groups.Therefore,this paper puts forward some corresponding policy considerations on the old-age security of rural only-child-died families from the aspects of emphasizing on the supply tendency of supporting resources for elderly,improving the income level,focusing on the health security and providing menubased old-age services.improving the income level of the families without independence.