中国西瓜甜瓜生产区域布局变迁及驱动因素研究

目的 中国是西瓜甜瓜生产和消费大国,其产业发展对于保障城乡居民鲜果消费和带动农户增收非常重要。方法 文章系统梳理了1961年以后中国西瓜和甜瓜产业变迁史,运用重心模型分析中国西瓜和甜瓜生产重心演变轨迹及优势主产区变化,解析其区域布局变迁背后的影响因素。结果 （1）1961年以来中国西瓜甜瓜产业发展划分为缓慢发展期、快速发展期、全面增长期和结构调整期4个阶段。（2）20世纪90年代以来,中国西瓜生产重心整体比较稳定,向西南移动了196.82 km,中国甜瓜生产重心变化剧烈,整体向西移动了545.64 km。（3）进入21世纪以来,中国西瓜和甜瓜东北优势区地位逐渐下降,西北优势区发展快、潜力大。（4）自然禀赋、科技创新、产业政策及消费需求升级是中国西瓜和甜瓜产业区域布局变化的主要影响因素。结论 针对中国西瓜甜瓜产业发展面临的现实需求与制约瓶颈,提出未来要提升农业生产“三品一标”能力,加大产业科研资金投入,创新绿色技术,提高机械化水平,加快产销模式变革和业态功能创新,推动西瓜甜瓜产业高质量发展。

RESEARCH ON REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION CHANGES AND DRIVING FACTORS OF WATERMELON AND MELON PRODUCTION IN CHINA

China is a major producer and consumer of watermelons and melons. Industrial development of watermelon and melon is very important to ensure the consumption of fresh fruits by urban and rural residents and increase the income of farmers. This paper systematically sorted out development changes of watermelon and melon industry in China since 1961, analyzed the evolution trajectory of watermelon and melon production center of gravity and the changes in dominant production areas based on the center of gravity model, and summarized the influencing factors behind the changes in its regional layout. The results showed that: (1) The development of China''s watermelon and melon industry since 1961 was divided into four stages: slow development period, rapid development period, comprehensive growth period and structural adjustment period. (2) Since the 1990s, the center of gravity of watermelon production in China had been relatively stable as a whole, moving 196.82 km to the southwest. The center of gravity of Chinese melon production changed drastically, moving 545.64 km westward. (3) Since the beginning of the 21th century, the status of China''s watermelon and melon dominant areas in the northeast gradually declined, while the northwest dominant area developed rapidly. (4) Natural endowments, technological innovation, industrial policies and upgrading of consumer demand were the main factors influencing the changes in the regional layout of China''s watermelon and melon industries. In view of the actual needs and constraints of the development of watermelon and melon industry in China, it is proposed to improve the new "three products and one standard" capability, increase investment in scientific research, innovate green technology, improve the level of mechanized production, accelerate the reform of production and marketing mode and innovation of business functions, so as to promote the high-quality development of watermelon and melon industry in China.