基于“双循环”视角的中国与其他金砖国家畜牧产业：比较优势与合作潜力

目的 在“双循环”的新发展格局下,深化畜牧业国际合作是促进我国畜牧业向现代化转型升级的重要举措。方法 文章简述分析中国与其他金砖国家畜牧业发展以及双边畜产品贸易概况,并运用兰氏距离法、产业内贸易指数法以及随机前沿引力模型从不同视角分析中国与其他金砖国家在畜牧业领域的合作潜力。结果 （1）金砖各国畜牧产业发展比较优势明显,中国与其他金砖国家畜产品贸易份额持续上升;（2）中国与巴西、印度在畜牧业生产要素方面的互补指数分别为1.296和1.037,具有高度互补性,与俄罗斯、南非的互补性指数为0.707和0.391,处于中等偏高度水平;（3）中国与其他金砖国家在畜产品贸易中整体以产业间贸易为主,贸易互补性较强,尤其是在肉类、奶类、蛋类产品上有很大的贸易互补性;（4）双边畜产品贸易效率呈波动上升趋势,整体效率水平较低,还有极大的畜产品贸易潜力可挖掘,贸易可提升空间巨大。结论 我国要积极与其他金砖国家在畜牧业资源、畜产品深加工、牲畜养殖、技术装备、畜产品贸易等多领域展开深入合作,实现畜牧业“走出去”与“引进来”,打造畜牧业新发展格局,促进区域经济协同发展。

BASED ON THE "DOUBLE CYCLE" PERSPECTIVE OF CHINA AND OTHER BRICS COUNTRIES LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY: COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE AND COOPERATION POTENTIAL

Under the new development pattern of "double circulation", deepening international cooperation in animal husbandry is an important measure to promote the modernization of animal husbandry in China. This paper briefly analyzed the development of animal husbandry and bilateral animal product trade between China and other BRICS countries, and expounded the cooperation potential between China and other BRICS countries in animal husbandry from different perspectives by using the Rangian distance method, intra-industry trade index method and stochastic frontier gravity model. The results showed that the development of livestock industry in BRICS countries had obvious comparative advantages, and the trade share of livestock products between China and other BRICS countries continued to rise. The complementary indices of China''s livestock production factors with Brazil and India were 1.296 and 1.037, respectively, which were highly complementary, while the complementary indices with Russia and South Africa were 0.707 and 0.391, which were at a medium to high level. The livestock trade between China and other BRICS countries was mainly inter-industry trade, with strong trade complementarity, especially in meat, milk and egg products. Bilateral trade efficiency of animal products showed a trend of fluctuation, the overall efficiency level was low, and there was a great potential of animal products trade to be tapped, the trade can be improved greatly. Therefore, China should actively carry out in-depth cooperation with other BRICS countries in animal husbandry resources, deep processing of animal products, livestock breeding, technology and equipment, animal product trade and other fields, so as to realize the "going out" and "bringing in" of animal husbandry, create a new development pattern of animal husbandry, and promote the coordinated development of regional economy.