国外典型科普奖励的特点及其启示

二战之后，各国在发展科学技术的过程中，日益关注科学普及，科普奖励开始出现，到20世纪90年代至21世纪头十年期间，科普奖励迅速增加。科普奖励可大致分为针对科普活动的奖励与科普作品奖励。通过分析典型案例，发现国外科普奖励有如下特点：既有专门性的奖励，也有综合性的奖励；既有颁发给特定对象的奖励，也有颁发给一般民众的奖励；奖励形式多样；奖金来源多元。科普作品奖励还有依据目标读者特点和受众知识水平而设置奖励、为表彰科普作家的终生成就而专门设置奖励、设置严谨评审制度等特点。这些特点可供我国在发展科普奖励中加以借鉴。我们基于这些科普奖励经验和我国科普事业现状，提出了若干建议。

Characteristics and enlightenment of foreign typical science popularization awards

After World War II, in the process of developing science and technology, countries paid more and more attentions to the popularization of science, and science popularization awards appreared, which increased rapidly between the 1990s and the first decade of this century. Science popularization awards can be roughly divided into awards to science popularization activities and awards to science popularization works. Through the analysis of typical cases, it is found that foreign science popularization awards have the following characteristics: both special awards and comprehensive awards; both awards to specific actors and awards to the general public; with various forms of award and various sources of bonus. Awards for science popularization works are also based on the characteristics of the target readers and the knowledge level of the audience. These characteristics can be used for the reference in the development of science popularization awards in China. Based on these experience of the science popularization awards and the present situation of science popularization in China, this paper puts forward some suggestions.