交通科技项目“揭榜挂帅”制实践现状及完善路径

“揭榜挂帅”制是我国现有科技体制改革的重要部分，其在交通运输行业科技创新实践中处于探索阶段，对实践情况进行总结并提出完善路径具有重要实践价值。通过分析交通科技项目特点，以及交通科技项目“揭榜挂帅”制实践情况，研究交通科技项目“揭榜挂帅”制组织实施特征及存在的问题。研究发现，交通科技项目“揭榜挂帅”制项目主要分为政府主导、政府引导、企业组织三大类；存在经验不足、行业引导待强化、企业活力需激发、部分制度含糊缺失、实施细节不够明确等主要实践困境。对此，建议多维度拓展立项渠道，厘清思路加强行业引导，多方面破除惯性提升企业活力，完善资金、容错、奖惩制度并细化操作规程，以保障制度优势发挥。

Current Status and Improvement Path of “Enlisting and Leading”Mechanism in Transportation Technology Projects

The “Enlisting and Leading” mechanism is an important part of the current reform of China''s scientific and technological system. It is in the exploratory stage in the practice of technological innovation in the transportation industry. Summarizing the practice and proposing improvement paths have important practical value. The characteristics of transportation technology projects and the current practice of the “Selection and Appointment of Leaders” mechanism in transportation technology projects were analyzed, and the organizational implementation characteristics and existing problems of the “Selection and Appointment of Leaders” mechanism in transportation technology projects were studied. The study finds that transportation technology projects implementing the “Selection and Appointment of Leaders” mechanism can be mainly classified into three categories: government-led, government-guided, and enterprise-organized. The current practice faces major challenges such as insufficient experience, weak industry guidance, the need to stimulate corporate vitality, vague or missing institutional frameworks, and lack of clear implementation details. In light of these challenges, it is recommended to expand project approval channels from multiple dimensions, clarify thinking and strengthen industry guidance, remove inertia and enhance corporate vitality through multiple facets, improve funding, fault tolerance, and reward and punishment systems, and refine operational procedures to ensure the effective implementation of the institutional advantages.