西欧重商主义保护原则的历史探源

中世纪西欧行会维系平衡、实行垄断的组织原则开启了西欧经济保护主义的源头。在城市里，行会成员构成了市民阶层的主体，其上层成员又是市政管理的中坚，因此行会的保护职能也在市政管理中体现出来。中世纪晚期西欧的大变革促使了商业意识的转变：在行会兼并中脱颖而出的大商人和大手工业主由对城市共同体的关注而转向获利精神和商业垄断。他们利用君主对财富的亟需来分享国家权力，干涉国家政策，他们的商业保护思想最终影响了王权政府各项政策的制定，成为重商主义保护原则的重要理论来源。

A study on the Origin of Western European Mercantilism＇s Protection Theory

The organization principle that Western European Hanses kept the balance and a monopoly started the origin of economic protectionism in Western Europe in the middle Ages. Because members of Hanses constituted the main body of the citizen class and the upper stratum members of the Hanses are the backbone of the municipal ad- ministration, the protection function of the Hanses was reflected in the municipal administration. The revolution in the late medieval age changed the commercial awareness. The great merchants and master handicraftsmen stood out in the Hanses, whose interests turned from city community to making profits and business monopoly. They took ad- vantage of the need for wealth of the monarch to share state business. Their commercial protectionism ultimately affected power and interfere in national policies to protect their the formulation of governmentg policies, which became an important theoretical source of mercantilism protection principle.