全球新能源汽车产业竞争格局研究

本文通过对影响新能源汽车产业竞争力的关键因素分析,得出结论如下:第一,全球新能源汽车替代率仍较低,仍然处于发展初期,但发展迅速、市场前景乐观。新能源汽车产业规模不断扩大,相对于传统汽车的竞争能力有所提升,纯电动汽车的市场竞争能力强于插电式混合动力电动车。第二,在新能源汽车产业链条中,中美欧在终端市场销售上拥有优势,中日美三国在生产制造环节具有竞争优势,中日韩在产业配套上具有竞争优势;中国公共基础设施方面具有竞争优势,挪威在新能源汽车替代传统汽车方面表现突出。第三,中美两国新能源汽车产业的发展路径不同,各自的竞争优势也不同,竞争优势差异主要表现在:美国在核心技术创新能力、新能源汽车市场对外开放程度和单一车型市场占有率等方面具有显著的优势;中国则在政策支持力度、产业规模、市场规模、产业配套、政策综合效果等方面优势显著。

Comparison of competition between China and the US in EVs industry

This chapter analyzes the competition of Global Electric Vehicle(EV)industry,and studies the key factors and links that affect the EV industry competitiveness,such as policy and market environment,the automobile industry foundation and the industrial supporting capacity of EV industry,core technological innovation competence,and the internationalization ability of the key EV enterprises.The research finds that:First,the global EV industry still accounts for a small share of the entire automobile industry.The industrial life cycle is still in the initial stage of development,but it is developing rapidly.The scale of EV industry continues to expand,and the global competitiveness of the new energy automobile is improved,compared with the traditional automobile.The market competitiveness of pure electric vehicles is stronger than that of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.Second,in EV industry chain,China,the United States and Europe have advantages in terminal market.China,the United States and Japan have competitive advantages in the production of new energy vehicles.China,Japan and Korea are strong in supporting capacity of new energy vehicle,China has a competitive advantage in public infrastructure of new energy vehicles while Norway has a prominent performance in replacing traditional vehicles with new energy vehicles.Third,the development paths of EV industry in China and the United States are different,and their respective competitive advantages are also different.The differences in competitive advantage are mainly reflected in three aspects:the Unites States has significant advantages in core technological innovation capability of EV industry,the openness of EV market,and overwhelming share of the single-model vehicle market;China has remarkable advantages in terms of policy support,industry scale,market size,a complete system of industries and overall policy effects.