分层建设用地使用权的权利冲突及其解决

研究目的:厘清中国分层建设用地使用权的性质、特征及权利冲突,研究提出解决权利冲突的立法论路径和民法解释机制。研究方法:比较分析和民法解释学相结合。研究结果:(1)中国物权立法通过分层建设用地使用权的规定将空间权利纳入保护范围,而未采纳独立空间权的制度构造;(2)分层建设用地使用权空间上具有独特性,但可以与中国《物权法》结构性原则相契合;(3)现行立法对于分层建设用地使用权引发的权利冲突及其解决作出了原则性规定,需要从立法论和解释论角度重新检视。研究结论:在建设用地使用权制度框架内可以实现对地上与地下空间的物权保护,对于分层建设用地使用权引发的权利冲突之解决,既要在立法层面适度进行"改良",进一步细化完善《物权法》第136条有关规定;又要从法解释层面立足既有规范,借助相邻关系和地役权以及物权请求权制度措施,解决分层建设用地使用权权利冲突。

The Conflicts and the Resolution Mechanism of Stratified Rights of Construction Land Use Right

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the nature, characteristics and the conflicts of stratified rights of construction land use rights and to propose the legislation resolution and the mechanism of civil law interpetation. The methods of comparative analysis and civil law interpretation are used in the paper. The research results show that 1)the spatial right is under the protection of the stratified right of construction land use right in the Chinese Real right legislation rather than under the the independent institution of spatial right; 2)although the stratified right of construction land use right has its own special characteristics, it is still compatible with the basic structure principles in the Chinese Real Rights Law; 3)the current legislation on the conflicts of the right and the resolution mechanism is oversimplified, thus it is of importance to reconsider it from the perspective of legislation and interpretation doctrine. In conclusion, the spatial right under and above land can be well protected in the framework of the stratified right of construction land use right; in order to find out the resolution for the conflicts of stratified right, some improvements must be made at the aspect of the relevant legislation, e.g. modifying the article 136 of the Chinese Real Right Law. Besides, other resolutions for these conflicts can also be found based on the current stipulations from the interpretation perspective, which are supported by the institutions of neighborhood, easement and real rights claim.