现代主流经济学对利他行为的模型化分析及其问题

为了解释越来越多的利他行为和合作现象,现代经济学试图通过放宽经济人的外延来将之纳入传统的经济人分析框架。但是,现代主流经济学的扩大化偏好依然是外生的、不变的,它依然把丰富多样的人类行为抽象为平面单一结构,从而依然没有克服经济人分析的内在缺陷。经济人模式化分析的主要表现为：（1）忽视人类行为的历史性,而仅以现在和将来考量行为方式;（2）仅仅是一个理性计算问题,忽视了日常生活中的习惯行为和下意识反应;（3）基于近视的行为功利主义,仅仅反映本能反应的动物性一面;（4）基于原子论个人主义,行为动机是着眼于效用最大化的个人;（5）无法解释团体行为与个体行为的差异,也无法解释不同团体之间的利他主义差异;（6）无法解释个人面临不同环境下的行为,也难以揭示不同人面临相同环境下的行为差异;等等。

The Modeling Analysis Based on the Assumption of Economic-man on Altruistic Behaviour and Its Limitation in Modern Mainstream Economics

In order to explain more and more altruistic-action and cooperative phenomena, modern economics broadens the extension of economic-man and takes these phenomena into the analysis frame of economic-man. However, the extended preference is still exogenous and changeless, and it abstracts the plentiful human-action into planar structure. Therefore, the limitation of the assumption of economic-man has not been overcome yet. （1） It considers the means of behavior only based on present and future but neglects the history. （2） It just is a item about rational calculation but overlook the habitual and subliminal behavior in daily life. （3） It is based on the shortsighted act-utilitarianism, and just embodies the animalized instinct. （4） It is based on the atomistic individualism, and considers the motive of behaviour with a view to individual. （5） It can not explain the difference between collective action and individual action as well as the difference of altruistic-action between different communities. （6） It can not explain the difference of action for the same person in different condition and for the different persons in the same condition. And so on.